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Permanent and non permanent magnets Magnets can be divided into "permanent magnets" and "non permanent magnets".What is a permanent magnet?As the name suggests, it is an object that can maintain its own magnetism for a long time without an external magnetic field. Generally, it can be maintained for more than 10 years. In ancient times, permanent magnets were all natural products, also known as natural magnets, but with the advancement of technology today, humans can also manufacture permanent magnets.Permanent magnets can be divided into two categoriesMetal alloy magnetIncluding samarium cobalt magnets (SmCo), aluminum nickel cobalt magnets (ALNiCO), iron chromium cobalt magnets (FeCrCo), etcAmong them, iron chromium cobalt magnets are known as transformers in permanent magnets, and alloy permanent magnets are the most deformable. They can be used for wire drawing (0.2-0.3mm), tube drawing, strip rolling, and various mechanical processing, and can be made into various complex shaped permanent magnet components, especial: 14

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Explanation of Magnetism Against Magnetism Effect You can find here thatThe former - the paramagnetic effect is determined by the inherent magnetic moment (total magnetic moment) of atoms (molecules). And the inherent magnetic moment can be zero, why? Think about it, there are actually two spin directions for electrons: up and down. In most substances, the number of electrons with upward and downward rotation is almost the same, and the spin magnetic moments they generate cancel out each other. Moreover, the orbital magnetic moments of electrons also cancel out each other due to different "revolution" directions, so only a small part or even zero of the inherent magnetic moment remains.The latter, the diamagnetic effect, is determined by the orbital magnetic moment of the electron, which can also be said to be determined by the orbital magnetic moment of all electrons in the atom. Under the action of an external magnetic field, this magnetic moment will never be zero because the atom will have electrons. This means that no matter what: 13

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The relative permeability of some ferromagnetic materials Metals such as iron, nickel, and cobalt belong to ferromagnetism, and their atomic structures are unique.In addition, ferromagnetic materials also have the following characteristics:As the external magnetic field B increases, the internal B '' of the medium also increases, but B '' does not have a linear relationship with B, as mentioned above μ Not a constant. When saturation is reached, B '' hardly increases, which is called magnetic saturation.Once ferromagnetic material is magnetized and the external magnetic field is removed, it still retains some of its magnetism, which is called remanence (some artificial magnets use the principle of greater remanence). When the intensity of the reverse magnetic field reaches H. At this time, B in the iron core is equal to zero, and the magnetic field strength H is at this point. It is called coercive force.If ferromagnetic material is heated, when its temperature is above a critical temperature T. At the critical tempera: 13

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Introduction to Magnetism Paramagnetic substanceAs the name suggests, this material will adapt to changes in the magnetic field, which means that the additional magnetic field is in the same direction as the external magnetic field, causing the magnetic field B '' in the magnetized medium to be greater than the original magnetic field B '', but the difference in magnitude between the two is very small, which means that the relative magnetic permeability μ It is a constant slightly larger than 1. Aluminum, chromium, manganese, nitrogen, and air are all paramagnetic substances.Diamagnetic substanceContrary to paramagnetic substances, diamagnetic substances resist changes in magnetic fields, meaning that the additional magnetic field after magnetization is reversed from the external magnetic field. The magnetic field B '' in the medium after magnetization is smaller than the original magnetic field B, and the difference in magnitude between the two is also very small, μ It is a constant sli: 13

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Why can it attract iron and where does its magnetic force come from? You must have played with magnets when you were a child. They can act like magic to hold metal objects such as nails, keys, scissors, and can also be used to make useful things such as compasses, speakers, and electric motors. But do you know why magnets can attract iron? Where does its magnetic force come from? Today, we will uncover the mystery of magnets and give you a deeper understanding of this magical substance.Firstly, we need to know that magnets are a special type of metal, mainly composed of elements such as iron, cobalt, and nickel. The atoms of these elements have a special property that they themselves possess magnetism. This is because their atomic nuclei and electrons are constantly rotating, like tiny electric currents, creating a weak magnetic field. This magnetic field generated by atoms is called atomic magnetic moment.If all atoms in a substance are randomly arranged, their atomic magnetic moments will cancel out each other, causing the substance to have no magneti: 10

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Magnets of various shapes and their applications Magnets come in various shapes and sizes, such as discs, spheres, horseshoes, and many other unique shapes. Usually, larger magnets are stronger, but now it's always the case. Small magnets can be improved to increase strength by using different materials. However, the shape of a magnet can tell you much more than its size. The shape of each magnet affects its usage. It determines the arrangement of magnetic field lines outside the magnet and their tensile strength. What are the common shapes of magnets and how to use them?Bar magnetThe force of the magnet is concentrated at both poles and weakens on both sides. A bar magnet is usually the weakest shape because the area of the magnetic pole is the smallest. However, they are the most commonly used shapes in daily life, such as refrigerator stickers and compasses.Bar magnets are also commonly used for classroom demonstrations. For example, you can use a bar magnet to display the magnetic field by spreading metal shavings on a piece: 10

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